inhA Resolved · high auto-curated

H37Rv Rv1484 · MTBC0 mtbc0_001587 · 269 aa · 1684007–1684816 MTBC0 (+) · RefSeq NP_216000.1

Genomic neighbourhood (genome browser)

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+ strand − strand Rv1474c (Rv1474c) — family_assigned: helix-turn-helix domain-containing protein acn (Rv1475c) — requalified: iron-regulated aconitate hydratase Acn acn Rv1476 (Rv1476) — family_assigned: DUF6676 family protein ripA (Rv1477) — family_assigned: NlpC/P60 family peptidoglycan endopeptidase RipA ripA ripB (Rv1478) — family_assigned: NlpC/P60 family peptidoglycan endopeptidase RipB Rv1480 (Rv1480) — family_assigned: DUF58 domain-containing protein Rv1480 Rv1481 (Rv1481) — family_assigned: VWA domain-containing protein Rv1481 Rv1482c (Rv1482c) — family_assigned: hypothetical protein Rv1482c fabG1 (Rv1483) — requalified: 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase FabG1 inhA (Rv1484) — requalified: NADH-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase InhA hemZ (Rv1485) — requalified: ferrochelatase hemZ Rv1486c (Rv1486c) — family_assigned: hypothetical protein Rv1486c Rv1487 (Rv1487) — family_assigned: NfeD family protein Rv1488 (Rv1488) — family_assigned: SPFH domain-containing protein Rv1488 Rv1490 (Rv1490) — family_assigned: hypothetical protein Rv1490 Rv1491c (Rv1491c) — family_assigned: TVP38/TMEM64 family protein mutA (Rv1492) — family_assigned: methylmalonyl-CoA mutase small subunit mutA mutB (Rv1493) — requalified: methylmalonyl-CoA mutase mutB mazE4 (Rv1494) — requalified: type II toxin-antitoxin system antitoxin MazE4 mazF4 (Rv1495) — requalified: type II toxin-antitoxin system toxin endoribonuclease MazF4 1 676 kb 1 680 kb 1 684 kb 1 688 kb 1 692 kb 1 696 kb

This gene (outlined) in its genomic context; arrows are neighbouring genes coloured by verdict. Click any gene to navigate. Pan and zoom in the full browser.

Annotation: from legacy to revised

Legacy (H37Rv / Mycobrowser)NADH-dependent enoyl-[ACP
MTBC0 PGAP re-annotationNADH-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase InhA
Revised (this work)NADH-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase InhA. Pfam: adh_short_C2 (PF13561.13), adh_short (PF00106.32).
Functional category (TubercuList)lipid metabolism

Auto-curated: this verdict and function were generated by rules from PGAP + Pfam + Foldseek and have not been hand-reviewed.

In the literature (TB corpus sweep) 1192 publications

1192 TB publications mention this gene. 1192 publications discuss this gene. Queried separately, 1171 records carry a M. tuberculosis context and 64 a non-TB mycobacterial context (species named in the 40-record verified sample: M. smegmatis (25), M. abscessus (8), M. marinum (5), M. leprae (1)). The three counts come from three distinct PubMed queries (each with its own context filter), so they neither partition the total nor need to add up to it.

5 of 1192: the most recently indexed records of the curated sweep at its date, not necessarily the most recent papers on this gene — the exhaustive list below is later and broader and may hold newer ones.
PublicationDate
Genetic surveillance of first- and second-line drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Peru. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0352881 2026
The potential of molecular testing and mutation analysis for detecting isoniazid and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Thailand. doi:10.1590/S1678-9946202668040 2026
Rational Design of Diaryl Ether-Based Dual Inhibitors Targeting Successive Essential Enzymes HadAB and InhA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c01302 2026
Genotypic Characterization of Drug Resistance-associated Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Line Probe Assays in Central India. doi:10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_85_26 2026
Discovery of novel InhA inhibitors through structural bioinformatics and machine learning-driven QSAR screening of natural products. doi:10.1093/biomethods/bpag015 2026
1305 records returned by the alias sweep (a separate sweep from the 1192 above; both are shown, neither is exhaustive)

Searched as: Rv1484, inhA, Mb1520, ML1806c, MMAR_2290, MSMEG_3151, MAB_2722c — each in conjunction with a mycobacterial context term. Swept 2026-09-07.

PublicationJournalYear
Genetic diversity of clinical Mycobacterium bovis BCG isolates from an immunocompromised patient with BCG infection. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2026.106014 Infect Genet Evol 2026
Genomic characterization of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in western Kenya reveals predominance of isoniazid resistance and discordance with routine susceptibility testing. doi:10.3389/ftubr.2026.1855780 Front Tuberc 2026
Mixed-strain infection and heteroresistance in drug-resistant tuberculosis: insights from a whole-genome sequencing pilot. doi:10.3389/fepid.2026.1813571 Front Epidemiol 2026
Synthesis, computational and in vitro anti-tubercular activity studies of thiadiazole-linked pyridazinone derivatives. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2026.130761 Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2026
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Antimicrobial Resistance in Mycobacteria. doi:10.3390/ijms27156893 Int J Mol Sci 2026
Advancing Therapies for Mycobacterial Diseases: From Small Molecules to Host-Directed Strategies. doi:10.1002/med.70096 Med Res Rev 2026
Quadruple co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and M. kansasii in a chronically immunosuppressed cat. doi:10.1007/s11259-026-11427-6 Vet Res Commun 2026
Rapid Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) TB Diagnosis: An In-House DNA Biochip for Drug Resistance Detection and Mutation Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. doi:10.1155/cjid/5518992 Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2026
Melting temperature signatures reveal occasional misclassification of low-level isoniazid resistance by Xpert MTB/XDR. doi:10.1128/spectrum.00713-26 Microbiol Spectr 2026
Thin-Film-Based Three-Chamber Microfluidic Chip Powered by Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute for Sample-to-Answer Multiplex Genotyping of Tuberculosis Drug-Resistance Mutations. doi:10.1021/acssensors.6c01347 ACS Sens 2026
Genetic surveillance of first- and second-line drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Peru. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0352881 PLoS One 2026
The potential of molecular testing and mutation analysis for detecting isoniazid and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Thailand. doi:10.1590/S1678-9946202668040 Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2026
Rational Design of Diaryl Ether-Based Dual Inhibitors Targeting Successive Essential Enzymes HadAB and InhA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6c01302 names it J Med Chem 2026
Genotypic Characterization of Drug Resistance-associated Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using Line Probe Assays in Central India. doi:10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_85_26 Int J Mycobacteriol 2026
Discovery of novel InhA inhibitors through structural bioinformatics and machine learning-driven QSAR screening of natural products. doi:10.1093/biomethods/bpag015 names it Biol Methods Protoc 2026
Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on the Development of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Relation With Genetic Mutations of M. tuberculosis Isolates in Ethiopia. doi:10.1155/cjid/7830270 Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2026
Genetic Characterization of First-Line Drug-Resistance Mutations in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. doi:10.3390/pathogens15050455 Pathogens 2026
Routine Molecular Surveillance of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Translating Mutation Proxies into Clinical Governance Intelligence in Rural Eastern Cape. doi:10.3390/healthcare14101280 Healthcare (Basel) 2026
Association of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with mutations in rpoB, katG, and inhA genes. doi:10.1038/s41598-026-53296-8 names it Sci Rep 2026
Pilot evaluation of a compact targeted next-generation sequencing with minimum biocontainment for rapid diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis. doi:10.1128/spectrum.02917-25 Microbiol Spectr 2026
SERPINA3 as a Secreted-Protein Biomarker Associated with Poor Prognosis and T-Cell Dysfunction in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. doi:10.4046/trd.2026.0014 Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2026
Predictive Analysis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Integrating Molecular Markers, Clinical Governance, and Community-Engaged Education in Rural South Africa. doi:10.3390/diseases14040132 Diseases 2026
Association of katG, inhA, and AhpC Mutations with Isoniazid Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients from Nanjing, China. doi:10.1177/10766294261446052 names it Microb Drug Resist 2026
In Vitro and In Silico Approaches for the Evaluation of Antimycobacterial and Biofilm Inhibition Activity of Asiatic Acid Against Dual Targets of Mycobacterium smegmatis. doi:10.2174/0115680266395445251204125654 Curr Top Med Chem 2026
Alpibectir-Ethionamide combination (AlpE) for the treatment of tuberculosis. doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71460-6 Nat Commun 2026
Molecular and pharmacological impacts of phytochemicals on the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase: potential therapeutic implications in tuberculosis. doi:10.1093/intbio/zyag007 Integr Biol (Camb) 2026
A cartridge-based assay for improved detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum. doi:10.1128/jcm.01100-25 J Clin Microbiol 2026
QSAR-based design of antitubercular pyrrolidine carboxamides. doi:10.1080/1062936X.2026.2637963 SAR QSAR Environ Res 2026
Targeted Discovery of β‑Branched Conjugated Polyketides from Bacteria Based on Genomic and Metabolomic Hallmarks. doi:10.1021/jacsau.6c00051 JACS Au 2026
Investigation of Potent Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Agents Derived from Pyridine Derivatives Targeting the Enoyl Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (InhA): Design, Synthesis, and Computational Analysis. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S566020 names it Drug Des Devel Ther 2026
Prevalence and resistance spectrum of ahpC mutations in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. doi:10.1128/spectrum.02496-25 Microbiol Spectr 2026
Predicting isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in New York State using whole-genome sequencing. doi:10.1128/jcm.01609-25 J Clin Microbiol 2026
Design and synthesis of 2-benzyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives as direct InhA inhibitors with potential anti-tubercular activity. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.153575 names it Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2026
Global, regional, and national burden of breast cancer among females, 1990-2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00730-2 Lancet Oncol 2026
Structure-activity relationship-driven lead optimization of pyrazole hydrazide-hydrazone analogues as potent antimycobacterial agents: in vitro and in silico studies. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2026.130601 Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2026
Polynuclear Silver(I)-Quinoxaline Complex: Comprehensive Structural Characterization, Antimycobacterial Properties and DNA/BSA Binding Study. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18020169 Pharmaceutics 2026
Investigation of Gene Regions Responsible for Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Resistant to at Least Two First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs. doi:10.3390/pathogens15020222 Pathogens 2026
Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Studies of Novel 5-(Substituted)-1,5-Dihydro-2H-Chromeno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-Dione Scaffolds as Potent Biological Agents. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202503053 Chem Biodivers 2026
Isoniazid-derived vanillin and Salicylaldehyde Hydrazones: Promising Antimycobacterials with KatG-dependent activation. doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109644 Bioorg Chem 2026
iFIND INH/FQ: a LC-aNAAT assay for rapid simultaneous detection of isoniazid and fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. doi:10.1128/spectrum.03743-25 Microbiol Spectr 2026
Design, synthesis, and molecular modeling of novel thiazolopyridine-based inhibitors of enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) as anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents. doi:10.1039/d5md00997a names it RSC Med Chem 2026
Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The Role of Alkyl Substitution in Pyrazinamide Derivatives. doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c07249 ACS Omega 2026
Integrated approach to design 5-indolyl-pyrazoles as anti-TB agent. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2026.130534 Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2026
Optimizing the Antibiotic Potency and Metabolic Stability of Pyridomycin Using a Semisynthetic Approach. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c02409 J Med Chem 2026
Structure-based and machine learning-assisted identification of natural phytochemicals targeting Mycobacterium leprae InhA for anti-mycobacterial therapeutics. doi:10.1007/s12223-026-01420-6 names it Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2026
Targeting InhA for Tuberculosis Therapy: A Review of Recent Advances in Enzyme Inhibition and Drug Development. doi:10.2174/0113894501399928251216164517 names it Curr Drug Targets 2026
4-[(Aryloylhydrazineylidene)methyl]-N-phenylbenzamides as a new class of antimycobacterial agents: design, synthesis and biological evaluation. doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109510 Bioorg Chem 2026
Mutations related to rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Ankara, Turkey. doi:10.1556/030.2026.02818 Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2026
Pyridine embedded 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives: Design, synthesis, molecular docking and antitubercular activity evaluation. doi:10.1016/j.tube.2026.102735 Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2026
Synthesis, antitubercular activity and computational studies of click-tethered phosphonium salts. doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.109390 Bioorg Chem 2026
Tuberculosis and increased risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease: A nationwide cohort study. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108337 Int J Infect Dis 2026
Uncovering the structural impact of KatG Ser315 mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis via cryo-EM. doi:10.1002/pro.70409 Protein Sci 2026
Pharmacogenomics and mutation informatics: correlation of NAT2 mutations and isoniazid acetylation rate. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104561 Drug Discov Today 2026
Machine Learning-Driven discovery of mushroom-derived inhibitors targeting InhA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An integrated QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation approach. doi:10.1016/j.jmgm.2025.109220 names it J Mol Graph Model 2026
Machine learning approaches to predict drug resistance in tuberculosis. doi:10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2025.108705 Comput Biol Chem 2026
Identification of potential alternatives for isoniazid: An in silico molecular dynamics study. doi:10.1016/j.jmgm.2025.109158 J Mol Graph Model 2026
Artificial intelligence for screening drug resistance in tuberculosis. doi:10.25259/IJMR_1546_2025 Indian J Med Res 2025
The microevolutionary trajectory of endemic multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains in Portugal toward increased drug resistance levels and its clinical significance. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1716549 Front Microbiol 2025
Effects of mutations in multiple Ethionamide-resistance-associated genes among Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from China. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1725219 Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025
Drug resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China: update until 2024. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1697490 Front Microbiol 2025
A novel one-tube nested fluorescence melting curve analysis for rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. doi:10.1186/s12866-025-04601-4 BMC Microbiol 2025
Current drug susceptibility testing in the Löwenstein-Jensen medium leads to underestimating of prothionamide resistance in multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. doi:10.1186/s12866-025-04388-4 BMC Microbiol 2025
Decoding drug tolerance: insights into the Rv0274 gene's role in isoniazid tolerance. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1697416 Front Microbiol 2025
Characterization of Drug Resistance Patterns, Mutation Profiles and Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Shaoxing. doi:10.2147/IDR.S570295 Infect Drug Resist 2025
Genomic landscape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Identifying mutation hotspots and stable regions for implications for drug development. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101674 New Microbes New Infect 2025
Evaluation of multiplex allele-specific PCR for rapid detection of isoniazid and fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study in high-TB-burden settings in India. doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.06.007 Indian J Tuberc 2025
Molecular characterization of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by line probe assay method. A cross-sectional study from a nodal DR-TB centre of Bihar. doi:10.1016/j.ijtb.2025.06.005 Indian J Tuberc 2025
N-(Arylcarbamothioyl)benzamide Derivatives as Selective Antimycobacterial Agents and Their Supramolecular Structural Features. doi:10.1021/acsabm.5c00927 ACS Appl Bio Mater 2025
Molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants as promising inhibitory agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-reductase (InhA). doi:10.1007/s40203-025-00472-9 names it In Silico Pharmacol 2025
Design, synthesis, bioactivity evaluation, and molecular modeling of pyridin-2-yl-pyrimidine: Potential Antimicrobial and anti-tuberculosis agents. doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.109167 Bioorg Chem 2025
Design, synthesis, deep learning-guided prediction, and biological evaluation of novel pyridine-thiophene-based imine-benzalacetophenone hybrids as promising antimicrobial agent. doi:10.1007/s10822-025-00687-0 J Comput Aided Mol Des 2025
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Structural Analysis, Antimycobacterial Study, Molecular Docking, DFT, and ADME Studies of Novel Hybrid Pyrrole-Pyrazole-Piperazine Chalcone. doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c04366 ACS Omega 2025
A Multiplexed, Target-Based Phenotypic Screening Platform Using CRISPR Interference in Mycobacterium abscessus. doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.5c00623 ACS Infect Dis 2025
Molecular insights of drug-resistant tuberculosis: genetic mutations and their profile. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1669327 Front Microbiol 2025
Synthesis and biological evaluation of furan-1,3,4-oxadiazole as antitubercular, antibacterial, and antioxidant agents. doi:10.1080/17568919.2025.2570972 Future Med Chem 2025
Global burden of 292 causes of death in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01917-8 Lancet 2025
Global age-sex-specific all-cause mortality and life expectancy estimates for 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1950-2023: a demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01330-3 Lancet 2025
Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01637-X Lancet 2025
Population structure and antibiotic resistance profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Ibadan, Nigeria (2019-2020): a pilot study to improve affordable molecular diagnostic tools. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1657825 Front Public Health 2025
Discrepancies in isoniazid susceptibility profiles: Bactec MGIT 960-resistant but GenoType MTBDRplus-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Hunan, China. doi:10.1128/spectrum.01101-25 Microbiol Spectr 2025
Innowave MTB/RIF/INH facilitates timely and accurate diagnosis of multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis as a near POCT technique: a multicenter prospective on-site performance evaluation study. doi:10.1186/s12941-025-00822-7 Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2025
Characterization of Drug Resistance Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Moroccan Patients Using Deeplex Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. doi:10.3390/microorganisms13092163 Microorganisms 2025
Isoniazid-Derived Hydrazones Featuring Piperazine/Piperidine Rings: Design, Synthesis, and Investigation of Antitubercular Activity. doi:10.3390/biom15091305 Biomolecules 2025
Comprehensive analysis of mutations associated with rifampicin- and isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in a high-burden setting. doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0184-2025 Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2025
Genotypic study of isolated resistance to isoniazid in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in a Moroccan hospital. doi:10.1099/acmi.0.000928.v5 Access Microbiol 2025
Rational Design and Antimycobacterial Evaluation of Aryl Sulfonamide-Linked Isoniazid Hydrazones Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. doi:10.1002/cmdc.202500398 ChemMedChem 2025
Hydrazineyl-linked imidazole[1,2-a]pyrimidine-thiazole hybrids: design, synthesis, and in vitro biological evaluation studies. doi:10.1039/d5ra04692k RSC Adv 2025
Rationally Designed InhA Inhibitors: A Comparative Anti-Tubercular Activity Study of Sulfonate Esters of Isoniazid Hydrazones and Their Structurally Flexible Benzyl Analogues. doi:10.1111/cbdd.70171 names it Chem Biol Drug Des 2025
Advancements in the design and development of pyrazoline-based antimycobacterial agents: an update and future perspectives. doi:10.1039/d5ra03759j RSC Adv 2025
Isoniazid-rhodanine molecular hybrids: design, synthesis, antimycobacterial activity and computational validation. doi:10.1039/d5ra03641k RSC Adv 2025
Investigating the Mechanism of Antimycobacterial and Antiproliferative Activity of (E)-N'-Benzylidenepyrazine-2-Carbohydrazides and their Derivatives. doi:10.1002/cmdc.202500085 ChemMedChem 2025
Exploration of New Dihydroindazole Derivatives as Promising Anti-TB Agents: Design, Synthesis, In Silico, and Biological Evaluation. doi:10.1002/ardp.70074 Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2025
Mechanistic evaluation of Clerodendrum serratum anti-biofilm potency against Mycobacterium species. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107985 Microb Pathog 2025
Promising Antimycobacterial Agents: Salicylidenehydrazines. doi:10.1002/ardp.70065 Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2025
Designing Novel InhA Inhibitors for Antituberculosis Agents Using ab Initio Fragment Molecular Orbital Calculations. doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c02912 names it ACS Omega 2025
Epidemiology and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among patients with pulmonary symptoms in Kaduna State, Nigeria. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107748 Acta Trop 2025
Lineage identification and mutation profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A study from National Reference Laboratory, India. doi:10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100925 Indian J Med Microbiol 2025
Innovo GenMax MTB-RIF/INH: a moderate-complexity automated NAAT for rapid simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and rifampin/isoniazid resistance. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1600170 Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025
Anti-Bacterial Activity of Furan Chalcone Derivatives Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Design, Synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Screening, Pharmacokinetic Properties, and Toxicity Parameters. doi:10.1007/s00284-025-04319-6 Curr Microbiol 2025
CRISPRi knockdown of mycobacterial tkt gene potentiates the anti-mycobacterial activity of phyto-compounds from selected medicinal plants. doi:10.1186/s12906-025-04987-8 BMC Complement Med Ther 2025
Exploration of pyrazole-based pyridine-4-carbohydrazide derivatives as drug-resistant Mtb agents: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in-silico studies. doi:10.1080/17568919.2025.2525069 Future Med Chem 2025
Development and evaluation of novel InhA inhibitors inspired by thiadiazole and tetrahydropyran series of inhibitors. doi:10.2478/acph-2025-0016 names it Acta Pharm 2025
Delayed culture conversion predicts poor outcomes for isoniazid mono-resistant TB in Uganda: a retrospective cross-sectional study from 2017- 2022. doi:10.1186/s12879-025-11218-5 BMC Infect Dis 2025
Deciphering rifampicin resistance among tuberculosis patients who have trace results on Xpert MTB/RIF ultra assay. doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.25329610 medRxiv 2025
Prevalence and molecular characterization of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Heyuan City in China. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1586938 Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2025
Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in HIV Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Drugs in Cameroon. doi:10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_47_25 Int J Mycobacteriol 2025
Unearthing novel mutations and genetic variation in drug sensitive and resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through whole genome sequencing: A study from eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. doi:10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100895 Indian J Med Microbiol 2025
Mutations associated with resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid identified in strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by GenoType MTBDRplus in Panama, 2015-2021. doi:10.1128/spectrum.02400-24 Microbiol Spectr 2025
An exploratory study on the application of nanopore sequencing for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in respiratory specimens. doi:10.1186/s12890-025-03747-1 BMC Pulm Med 2025
Hybrid virtual screening identifies dipyrazole carboxamide derivatives as novel direct InhA inhibitors with antitubercular activity. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2025.130827 names it Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2025
Review of Recent Advances in Thiazolidin-4-One Derivatives as Promising Antitubercular Agents (2021-Present). doi:10.3390/molecules30102201 Molecules 2025
High-dose isoniazid for TB with low-to-moderate isoniazid resistance after 1 week of treatment. doi:10.1093/jacamr/dlaf072 JAC Antimicrob Resist 2025
Design, synthesis and in silico molecular modelling studies of 2-Hydrazineyl-2-oxoethyl-4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yb) benzoate derivatives: a potent dual DHFR and ENR-reductase inhibitors with antitubercular, antibacterial and cytotoxic potential. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0323702 PLoS One 2025
Utility of Rapid Molecular Assays for Detecting Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Extrapulmonary Samples. doi:10.3390/diagnostics15091113 Diagnostics (Basel) 2025
Coumarin hybrids: dual-target candidates for future antimicrobial and antitubercular therapies. doi:10.1080/17568919.2025.2504331 Future Med Chem 2025
Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of a Schiff Base Compound: Pharmacokinetic profiling, molecular docking for Enoyl-Acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA), antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143677 names it Int J Biol Macromol 2025
Ferromagnetic Resonance Multiplexing of Orthogonal Magnetic Nanoparticle Agglutination for Simultaneous Analysis of Nucleic Acid Mutations and Nonspecific Interactions. doi:10.1002/smll.202502062 Small 2025
Identification of novel inhibitors targeting Mycobacterium abscessus InhA through virtual screening, docking, and molecular dynamic simulations. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-97513-2 names it Sci Rep 2025
Prevalence and Genetic Analysis of Isoniazid-Resistant Tuberculosis in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. doi:10.7759/cureus.80243 Cureus 2025
Is Mycobacterial InhA a Suitable Target for Rational Drug Design? doi:10.1002/cmdc.202500079 names it ChemMedChem 2025
A duplex one-step recombinase aided PCR assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of the isoniazid resistance genes katG and inhA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1548965 names it Front Microbiol 2025
Application value of nucleic acid MALDI-TOF MS in mycobacterial species identification and drug resistance detection in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. doi:10.1128/spectrum.01545-24 Microbiol Spectr 2025
In silico discovery of potential novel anti-tuberculosis drug candidates from phytoconstituents of Chlorophytum borivilianum and Asparagus racemosus. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42859 Heliyon 2025
Multi-drug resistance and compensatory mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Vietnam. doi:10.1111/tmi.14104 Trop Med Int Health 2025
Exploring the Anti-Tubercular Potential of 2-(1H-Pyrazol-1-yl) Pyrimidine: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies. doi:10.1002/cbdv.202500321 Chem Biodivers 2025
Isoniazid-Dihydropyrimidinone Molecular Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, Antitubercular Activity, and Cytotoxicity Investigations with Computational Validation. doi:10.1002/cmdc.202400949 ChemMedChem 2025
Prevalence of katG and inhA mutations associated with isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Cameroon. doi:10.1186/s12866-025-03816-9 names it BMC Microbiol 2025
Exploration of quinoxaline triazoles as antimycobacterial agents: design, synthesis and biological evaluation. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130177 Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2025
Experimental and theoretical studies on antituberculosis activity of different benzimidazole derivatives. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42674 Heliyon 2025
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High-resolution linkage map in the vicinity of the host resistance locus Bcg. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1244 Genomics 1993
[STUDY OF THE ABSORPTION, BLOOD CONCENTRATION AND EXCRETION IN THE URINE OF THE BULGARIAN ANTITUBERCULAR PREPARATION INHA-17]. names it Probl Tuberk 1964
[Is resistance break-through possible after INH and PAS long-term therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis by the use of INHA-PAS?]. names it Beitr Klin Tuberk Spezif Tuberkuloseforsch 1961
[Long-term evaluation of isoniazid-PAS in the therapy of pulmonary & extrapulmonary tuberculosis; report on 489 patients from 2 to 72 years of age]. Praxis 1958
[Clinical contribution to chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis with reference to isoniazid and PAS]. Med Monatsschr 1958
[Experiences with isoniazid-PAS in the treatment of cavernous and exsudative pulmonary tuberculoses in children and adolescents]. Med Monatsschr 1957
[INHA-PAS in the screening test]. names it Arzneimittelforschung 1957
[Efficacy of isoniazid-PAS in pulmonary tuberculosis therapy]. Med Klin 1956
[Clinical experience with dipasic and isoniazid-PAS compounds in therapy of tuberculosis]. Beitr Klin Tuberk Spezif Tuberkuloseforsch 1956
[Isoniazid and PAS in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. Dtsch Med J 1955
[Difference in the results of bacteriological studies on animals and in vitro, as demonstrated by a new tuberculostatic (INHA-PAS)]. names it Arzneimittelforschung 1955
[Tuberculostatic INHA-PAS in clinical examination]. names it Praxis 1954
The compound drug INHA-PAS in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. names it Med Monatsschr 1954
[Preliminary observations of pulmonary tuberculosis therapy with the combination drug INHA-PAS]. names it Wien Klin Wochenschr 1954
[Clinical testing of the new tuberculostatic INH-PAS]. Praxis 1954
[Preliminary results in tuberculosis therapy with the isonicotinic acid ester of p-aminosalicylic acid]. Praxis 1953
[Preliminary data on a new antituberculosis drug, the isonicotinic acid hydrazide ester of p-aminosalicylic acid]. Praxis 1953

Title+abstract index only: a paper that names this gene solely in its body text, a figure legend or a supplement is invisible here. That is why this list sits beside the curated layer rather than replacing it - Rv0007's characterisation, found by a full-text sweep, returns zero in this one. Absence from this list is not absence from the literature. Source: PubMed E-utilities sweep (esearch + esummary), every alias of the gene searched in conjunction with a mycobacterial context term; ambiguous common-word aliases excluded. phase198, 2026-09-06.

This layer CITES the literature and adds context; it does not change the verdict or the function stated elsewhere in this fiche. This distinguishes a gene that is dark because nobody has looked from one that is dark despite having been studied. Source: PubMed (whole): H37Rv locus tag + GENE NAME + ortholog identifiers (Mb…, MMAR_…, MSMEG_…, ML…, MAB_…), under a mycobacterial context filter; hits verified against the abstract text. Species-context counts distinguish M. tuberculosis literature from literature on other mycobacteria. phase76/phase77, 2026-07-13.

Post-translational modifications

1 reported modified residue(s), incl. 1 phosphosite(s): Phosphothreonine @266.

Experimentally reported post-translational modification(s). A phosphosite indicates the protein is expressed and is a substrate of the M. tuberculosis Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase signalling network — a regulatory context, NOT a molecular function. Source: UniProt (Modified residue features; PTM sites curated from the M. tuberculosis literature).

CRISPRi vulnerability

Vulnerability index -9.91 (95% CI -11.58 to -8.21). A more negative index = more vulnerable to knockdown (better drug-target quality); indicative threshold VI ≤ -6 = highly vulnerable.

Quantitative CRISPRi knockdown, graded (finer than binary Tn-seq essentiality). Source: CRISPRi vulnerability index (Bosch 2021, supplementary Table S2 'mmc3.xlsx', bulk import via Europe PMC -- supersedes the per-gene pebble.rockefeller.edu scrape of phase46_crispri_vulnerability.py).

Legacy record & comparison (Mycobrowser)

Mycobrowser functionThis isozyme is involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis. Second reductive step in fatty acid biosynthesis. Involved in the resistance against the antituberculosis drugs isoniazid and ethionamide [catalytic activity: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(+) = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH].
Mycobrowser EC 1.3.1.9 · agrees with the atlas

The legacy Mycobrowser record is shown for verification. Mycobrowser is no longer maintained; its EC numbers predate recent nomenclature revisions, so a class change usually reflects re-numbering, not a conflict.

Orthologues (reciprocal best hits across mycobacteria)

M. bovis Mb1520 · 100.0% identity
M. leprae ML1806c · 90.3% identity
M. marinum MMAR_2290 · 92.9% identity
M. smegmatis MSMEG_3151 · 87.4% identity
M. orygis RJtmp_001567 · 99.6% identity
M. abscessus MAB_2722c · 88.1% identity

Reciprocal-best-hit orthologues (DIAMOND) against the Mycobrowser reference proteomes. A missing species is informative: e.g. a gene absent from M. leprae was likely lost in its reductive genome evolution. Locus tags link to Mycobrowser.

Curated reference (UniProt)

UniProt P9WGR1 SwissProt · reviewed · Evidence at protein level
UniProt nameEnoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]
EC (curated) EC 1.3.1.9
Curated functionEnoyl-ACP reductase of the type II fatty acid syntase (FAS-II) system, which is involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, a major component of mycobacterial cell walls. Catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of the double bond of 2-trans-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], an essential step in the fatty acid elongation cycle of the FAS-II pathway. Shows preference for long-chain fatty acyl thioester substrates (>C16), and can also use 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs as alternative substrates. The mycobacterial FAS-II system utilizes the products of the FAS-I system as primers to extend fatty acyl chain leng.

Functional vocabulary (eggNOG-mapper, orthology transfer)

COG category I Lipid transport and metabolism
Preferred nameinhA
eggNOG descriptionEnoyl- acyl-carrier-protein reductase NADH
Orthologous groupCOG0623
EC number EC 1.3.1.10, EC 1.3.1.9
KEGG orthology K00208, K11611
KEGG pathways map00061, map00333, map00780, map01100, map01130, map01212
KEGG modules M00083, M00572
Gene Ontology (75) GO:0000166, GO:0003674, GO:0003824, GO:0004312, GO:0004318, GO:0005488, GO:0005504, GO:0005575, GO:0005618, GO:0005623, GO:0005886, GO:0006082 +63 more

Orthology-based transfer (eggNOG 5.0.2, diamond). EC/KO/GO/CAZy are computed annotations, not manual curation; cross-check against the primary literature before treating a specific reaction as established.

Conservation & selection (intra-MTBC, 142 601 strains, snapshot of 2026-09-29)

pN/pS 2.02 · quasi-invariant (7 sites), pN/pS underpowered
Polymorphic sites (≥ 0.1% of strains) 1 synonymous, 6 missense, 0 nonsense, 0 frameshift

pN/pS from segregating SNPs (singletons removed) normalised by possible sites. Low pN/pS = purifying selection (a strong signal that a "hypothetical" is a real, constrained gene). A high pN/pS is ambiguous: relaxed constraint or positive selection (drug resistance, antigenic variation) inflate it; e.g. rpoB/katG/pncA score high here for resistance, not loss of function. A clonal disruption (one allele over a clade) suggests lineage pseudogenisation; a convergent one (many independent alleles) is typical of resistance loss-of-function.

Outgroup conservation (beyond the MTBC) Bacteria

M. canettii dN/dS (deep-divergence selection) 0.0 (low power) · 1 consensus substitution(s)
low power (1 canettii-consensus substitution(s)); present in M. canettii but dN/dS not reliable
Limitation: dN/dS mixes fixed canettii-H37Rv divergence with intra-canettii polymorphism, and is not polarised (the per-gene repolarisation is not viable: 79 % of the consensus SPDI lie outside the polarised table).
Genus-wide presence (~53 non-MTBC Mycobacterium) present in 53/53 (100%) · mean identity 91.4% · 4/4 closest MTBAP relatives
conserved across the genus (present in 53/53 non-MTBC Mycobacterium genomes, incl. distant relatives) — an ancient core gene predating the genus radiation
Phylostratum (deepest detected homolog) MTBC-specific → Mycobacterium → Mycobacteriaceae → Corynebacteriales → Actinomycetia → Bacteria
detected in 8/13 non-Mycobacterium reference genomes (down to Bacteria) · mean identity 56.7%
detected down to outside the phylum (Proteobacteria/Firmicutes controls) — a universally conserved, ancient bacterial gene

Two orthogonal outgroup signals. M. canettii (the immediate outgroup) gives a deep-divergence dN/dS (a low value confirms a constrained, real gene; shown as confident only at ≥8 substitutions, else flagged low-power). Genus-wide presence/absence (tblastn vs assembled non-MTBC genomes) places the gene on the ancient-core ↔ MTBC-specific axis: a gene absent even from the closest MTBAP relatives is a candidate MTBC-specific innovation (possible host-adaptation factor, to confirm by synteny). The phylostratum extends that axis outside the genus (tblastn vs 13 reference genomes spanning Mycobacteriaceae → Corynebacteriales → Actinomycetia → outside the phylum): it is the deepest clade in which a homolog is still detected, i.e. a proxy for gene age. Read it with the null model in mind: a shallow (young) stratum can also reflect homology-detection failure for short or fast-evolving ORFs, so it is a descriptive axis, not a proof of novelty.

Essentiality (transposon mutagenesis) essential

DeJesus 2017 callES · essential
What the call meansessential: insertions absent across the whole ORF
TA sites (Himar1) 10 in the ORF — 10 in the essential state, 0 growth-defect, 0 non-essential, 0 growth-advantage. Saturation 0.000, mean read count 0. A region of the protein devoid of TA sites is invisible to this assay: nothing can be inferred about it, in either direction.
All 10 sites lie in this ORF alone (no overlapping CDS shares any), so the call is attributable to this gene.

Genome-wide Himar1 transposon essentiality in H37Rv (DeJesus 2017). An essential call (ES/ESD/GD) is strong, independent evidence that a "hypothetical" locus encodes a functional, selectively required gene — orthogonal to intra-species conservation.

Drug resistance (WHO catalogue) ethionamideisoniazid

ethionamide10 catalogued resistance-associated variant(s)
isoniazid9 catalogued resistance-associated variant(s)

This gene carries mutations classed Associated with resistance (WHO grade 1–2) in the consolidated catalogue (WHO 2nd ed. 2023 + tb-profiler). Only the R-associated tier is shown; "uncertain" and empirical-only signals are excluded. Test a specific strain or variant with the resistance tester. Research context, not a clinical diagnostic.

Proteomics (mass spectrometry) detected

MS detectiondetected in 15 of 16 independent MS datasets
Integrated abundance568.0 ppm · rank 367/3519 (89.6th percentile)

Detection by mass spectrometry is direct, experimental evidence that the protein product exists — orthogonal to sequence conservation and to Tn-seq essentiality, and especially decisive for a "hypothetical" locus. Read the dataset count as abundance, not as replication. Measured across this atlas (3,491 detected proteins), the number of datasets a protein appears in tracks its abundance almost monotonically: median 1.2 ppm at 1 dataset of 16, 27 ppm at 10, 392 ppm at 15, 1,325 ppm at 16 — three orders of magnitude. A high count therefore says the protein is abundant more than it says several independent experiments confirmed it. What the count does establish, at any value, is that the product exists.

Predicted localisation (DeepTMHMM + lipobox) no export signal, no TM helix

Predictionno signal peptide, no TM helix (DeepTMHMM class GLOB)
DeepTMHMM classGLOB

A verified absence of signals, which is not a compartment. No Sec/Tat signal peptide, no transmembrane helix and no lipobox were found on this sequence. The predictor reports topology and export signals; it does not measure where the protein ends up, so this page draws no cytoplasmic conclusion from it. In M. tuberculosis that reservation is not theoretical: the 12 Esx paralogues of this atlas — EsxA/ESAT-6 and EsxB/CFP-10 among them, the best-established secreted proteins of the species — carry this very call, because substrates of the type VII (ESX) secretion system leave no recognisable signal. « Secreted » and « no signal peptide » are true together here.

Transmembrane topology and signal peptide from DeepTMHMM (deep-learning reference predictor); lipoproteins from a (myco)bacterial lipobox motif. A sequence-based prediction of subcellular context.

Physico-chemical properties (computed, ProtParam)

Length269 aa
Molecular weight28.5 kDa
Theoretical pI5.73
GRAVY0.152 (hydrophobic)
Aliphatic index99.9
Aromaticity0.063
Instability index39.3 (stable)

Computed from the ancestral MTBC0 sequence with the ExPASy ProtParam method (Biopython). Descriptive biophysical context: a positive GRAVY flags a hydrophobic (often membrane) protein, a high instability index (>40) predicts a short in-vitro half-life, an extreme pI hints at compartment or binding partner.

Domains (Pfam, hmmscan --cut_ga)

PfamAccessioni-EvalueResiduesDescription
adh_short_C2PF13561.13 5.9e-5814–265 Enoyl-(Acyl carrier protein) reductase
adh_shortPF00106.32 2.3e-1118–198 short chain dehydrogenase

3D structure (interactive — Mol*/pdbe-molstar)

Experimental structure 4tro (PDBe), the strongest available structural evidence for this gene. Drag to rotate, scroll to zoom; hetero-groups (ligands, ions, waters hidden by default) shown as sticks.

Experimental structures (Protein Data Bank) 123 solved

PDBMethodResolutionCoverage
4tro X-ray diffraction 1.4 Å 100%
5g0t X-ray diffraction 1.54 Å 100%
4ohu X-ray diffraction 1.598 Å 100%
8otm X-ray diffraction 1.6 Å 100%
4tzk X-ray diffraction 1.62 Å 100%
4u0j X-ray diffraction 1.62 Å 100%
4d0s X-ray diffraction 1.64 Å 100%
9rjk X-ray diffraction 1.658 Å 100%

Experimentally solved structures mapped from the UniProt accession via PDBe/SIFTS (123 total; up to 8 shown, ranked by sequence coverage then resolution). An experimental structure is direct proof of the folded product and the strongest structural evidence — superseding the predicted ESMFold/AlphaFold models below for any covered region.

Structural search (AlphaFold DB model, Foldseek vs PDB — genome-wide) pLDDT 94.2

PDB hitprobTM (aln)TM (query)TM (target)Seq. id.Cov. q / tE-valueDescription
8otl-assembly2_F 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 100% 100% / 100% 1.3e-53 sig 8otl-assembly2_F structure of InhA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in complex with 5-(((4-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)benzyl)(octyl)amino)methyl)-2-phenoxyphenol
4oxk-assembly1_B 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.99 99% 99% / 100% 1.3e-53 sig 4oxk-assembly1_B Multiple binding modes of inhibitor PT155 to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase InhA within a tetramer
4oxn-assembly1_A-2 1.00 0.99 0.96 0.99 97% 100% / 100% 4.4e-52 sig 4oxn-assembly1_A-2 Substrate-like binding mode of inhibitor PT155 to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase InhA
5g0s-assembly1_B 1.00 0.97 0.96 0.97 99% 100% / 100% 3.8e-53 sig 5g0s-assembly1_B InhA in complex with a DNA encoded library hit
4ohu-assembly1_C 1.00 0.99 0.97 0.99 99% 100% / 100% 7.6e-52 sig 4ohu-assembly1_C Crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA in complex with inhibitor PT92

Foldseek search of the AlphaFold DB model (mean pLDDT 94.2, gated at 70) against the PDB — a genome-wide extension of the ESMFold dark-gene search that also covers proteins beyond the single-sequence length limit. Confident structural neighbours (E < 0.01) shown.

Genomic context (neighbours & predicted operon) operon of 3

Upstream (5' on genome)fabG1 (+ strand, 18 bp gap)
Downstream (3' on genome)hemZ (+ strand, 5 bp gap)
Predicted operon fabG1 · inhA · hemZ

Neighbours from the H37Rv annotation (+ strand). The operon is predicted by co-directional intergenic distance (same strand, gaps ≤50 bp) — a transcription-unit hypothesis, not a mapped TSS. For a "hypothetical", co-transcription with a characterised operon is a concrete functional lead (complements the STRING neighborhood channel below).

Published operon evidence (two independent sources)

Roback 2007 (logistic regression: distance + expression correlation, 474 microarrays) operon of 3: fabG1 · inhA · hemZ — agrees with the distance heuristic above
REMap 2016 (RNA-seq coverage continuity, CDC1551, tag MT1531) exponential phase: operon of 3, Rv1483 · Rv1484 · Rv1485 (coverage 62.69)
stationary phase: operon of 2, Rv1483 · Rv1484 (coverage 27.08) — agrees with the distance heuristic above

Two independent published operon maps, cited alongside the distance heuristic above: an association corroborating or contradicting the heuristic, never proof of shared function. REMap's RNA-seq coverage continuity is the most direct of the three signals; Roback's logistic regression and the intergenic-distance heuristic are statistical proxies.

Transcriptional regulation (signed TRN: ChIP-seq + TFOE)

Regulated by (1 TF) Rv1353c (represses)

Regulatory edges from the ISB signed transcriptional regulatory network (TF ChIP-seq binding, Minch 2015 + TF-overexpression response, Rustad 2014). An edge is regulatory evidence (binding and/or expression change), not necessarily direct. For a "hypothetical", membership in a known regulon (e.g. DosR dormancy, PhoP virulence) is a physiological-context lead, not a function.

Condition: Condition-blind by construction. These edges come from transcription-factor OVEREXPRESSION in a single laboratory condition, so a listed regulator is not a claim that it governs this gene in every circumstance. Measured counter-examples exist within this atlas (see Rv2516c, where the DosR regulon collapses under moxifloxacin while the gene itself rises). Read a regulator as 'capable of shifting this gene', and look for the condition before building a hypothesis on it.

Additional regulons (curated, outside the TFOE-derived TRN)

sigG activates (medium confidence · SigG regulon (Gaudion et al. 2013))
qRT-PCR, surexpression SigG fonctionnelle (pKS09) vs frameshift (pKS09FS)
Caveat: Induction mesuree en surexpression SigG fonctionnelle vs controle frameshift (qRT-PCR), PAS un ChIP-seq -- occupation du promoteur non demontree. Ecrire 'induit de facon SigG-dependante', jamais 'cible directe de SigG'.

Curated from primary literature not covered by the ISB signed TRN (Minch 2015 / Rustad 2014): Zur regulon (Maciag et al. 2007, PMID 17098899), SigG regulon (Gaudion et al. 2013, PMID 23871545), LexA/SOS regulon (Smollett et al. 2012, PMID 22528497) — added P16.25 (2026-08-18); CRP regulon (Kahramanoglou et al. 2014, PMID 24957601) — added P16.25b (2026-09-27). Confidence and caveats are per-edge and carried from the source paper — read them before citing a specific gene as "regulated by" its listed TF. An entry reading "binding site only — direction not determined" is not a regulation claim: it records a measured ChIP-seq binding site for which the source reports no expression change, and the absence of such a change is not evidence of absent regulation.

Functional interaction network (STRING v12, guilt-by-association)

Explore full network →

Node colour = verdict, dashed = still uncharacterised; edge colour = evidence (green experimental, orange genomic-context, grey co-expression), width ∝ score. Click a partner to open its page; "Explore full network" to walk the graph.

Closest characterised functional partner: fas (fatty acid synthase), high confidence (score 984, all STRING channels except text-mining; the partner is chosen on its genomic-context evidence).

Showing the 15 strongest of this gene's 95 partners at medium confidence (37 at high confidence). The table is an extract, not a neighbourhood: across the proteome the real median degree is 34 while the served median is 15, so no hub, degree distribution or centrality may be read on this table. None of the 95 partners rests on an interaction measured in M. tuberculosis itself.

PartnerProductScoreNo text-miningChannels (≥400)
Rv2524c fas fatty acid synthase 994 984 ctx neighborhood:476 coexpression:971 textmining:689
Rv1483 fabG1 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase FabG 997 976 ctx neighborhood:857 coexpression:785 textmining:883
Rv0904c accD3 acetyl-CoAcarboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit beta 986 974 coexpression:959 textmining:511
Rv1485 hemZ ferrochelatase 904 888 ctx neighborhood:882
Rv0533c fabH 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase III 976 852 ctx cooccurence:549 coexpression:646 textmining:850
Rv2246 kasB 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase 2 982 840 ctx cooccurence:477 coexpression:689 textmining:896
Rv2243 fabD malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase 981 839 ctx cooccurence:422 coexpression:707 textmining:890
Rv2245 kasA 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase 1 994 836 ctx cooccurence:466 coexpression:688 textmining:965
Rv2940c mas exp (transferred) multifunctional mycocerosic acid synthase 771 688 coexpression:438 experimental:403
Rv2048c pks12 exp (transferred) polyketide synthase 769 678 coexpression:420 experimental:403
Rv2933 ppsC exp (transferred) phthiocerol synthesis polyketide synthase type I PpsC 763 678 coexpression:420 experimental:403
Rv3825c pks2 exp (transferred) phthioceranic/hydroxyphthioceranic acid synthase 761 675 coexpression:413 experimental:403
Rv1527c pks5 exp (transferred) polyketide synthase 761 675 coexpression:413 experimental:403
Rv1663 pks17 exp (transferred) polyketide synthase 700 661 coexpression:415 experimental:403
Rv3800c pks13 exp (transferred) polyketide synthase 959 601 experimental:403 textmining:902

STRING combines evidence channels (neighborhood, fusion, cooccurrence, coexpression, experimental, database, text-mining) into a 0–1000 score. The ctx badge marks edges carried by the genomic-context channels (conserved neighborhood, fusion, phylogenetic co-occurrence), which are independent of orthology and structure and the strongest signal for an unknown gene. The no text-mining column recomputes the score from data alone, so a link that does not depend on the literature is visible. Association is a function hypothesis, not proof: corroborate with the operon context and the primary literature before assigning a function.

Where the experimental evidence comes from, and why it matters here. STRING's experimental channel fuses interactions measured in M. tuberculosis with interactions measured in another organism and transferred to this pair by orthology. The two are not equivalent for this atlas, whose standing rule is that better studied elsewhere is not a function established in M. tuberculosis. Measured on the served network: of the 38 229 partner pairs shown across the atlas, 13 483 partner rows carry a non-zero experimental channel, and only 106 pairs rest on an interaction measured in M. tuberculosis itself — 0.3 % of the network. Those 106 are long-established complexes (ESX-1/ESAT-6, RNA polymerase with CarD and RbpA, the Pup–Mpa proteasome, gyrase, Emb, GarA with PknB and PknG, the Rel modules); no still-uncharacterised gene is among them. The reason is not a gap in this atlas but in the literature: there is almost no experimental interactome of this bacterium, IntAct holding 134 curated protein pairs for a ~4 000-gene proteome. A exp (transferred) badge is therefore a lead, never a measurement, and an absence of badge is not evidence that the pair does not interact.

Evidence

  • Legacy H37Rv annotation: NADH-dependent enoyl-[ACP
  • MTBC0 PGAP product: NADH-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase InhA
  • Pfam (hmmscan --cut_ga): adh_short_C2 PF13561.13 (E=6e-58), adh_short PF00106.32 (E=2e-11)
  • (auto-curated by rules from PGAP + Pfam + Foldseek; not hand-reviewed)

Sources

  • Ancestral sequence & coordinates: Harrison LB et al. (2024), An imputed ancestral reference genome for the MTBC, doi:10.1101/2023.09.07.556366
  • Product annotation: NCBI PGAP on MTBC0; legacy from H37Rv NC_000962.3 (RefSeq NP_216000.1)
  • Domains: Pfam-A via hmmscan --cut_ga — adh_short_C2 (PF13561.13), adh_short (PF00106.32)
  • Sequence-level signal: ESM Atlas (EvolutionaryScale × BioHub) — exploratory
  • Controlled vocabulary: eggNOG-mapper 2.1.12 (Cantalapiedra et al. 2021, doi:10.1093/molbev/msab293), eggNOG 5.0 DB (Huerta-Cepas et al. 2019) — OG COG0623
  • Curated reference: UniProt P9WGR1 (SwissProt, reviewed; Evidence at protein level)
  • Intra-MTBC selection: pN/pS and disruption from SPDI variants of 142 601 MTBC strains (this work, local collection vs H37Rv NC_000962.3)
  • Genome-wide structure: AlphaFold DB model (Jumper et al. 2021, doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2; Varadi et al. 2024, doi:10.1093/nar/gkad1011) searched vs PDB with Foldseek (mean pLDDT 94.2)
  • Interaction network: STRING v12.0 (Szklarczyk et al. 2023, doi:10.1093/nar/gkac1000), taxon 83332, CC-BY 4.0 — 95 functional partner(s); context anchor fas
  • Essentiality: genome-wide transposon mutagenesis in H37Rv — DeJesus et al. 2017 (mBio, doi:10.1128/mBio.02133-16, CC BY)
  • Proteomics: integrated mass-spectrometry abundance from PaxDb 5.0 (Huang et al. 2023, doi:10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100640), taxon 83332 — weighted average of 16 datasets, incl. Schubert et al. 2013 (doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.008) and Albrethsen et al. 2013 (doi:10.1074/mcp.M112.018846)
  • Functional category: TubercuList scheme (Cole et al. 1998, doi:10.1038/31159), via Mycobrowser (Kapopoulou et al. 2011, doi:10.1016/j.tube.2010.09.006)
  • Orthologues: reciprocal best hits (DIAMOND, Buchfink et al. 2021, doi:10.1038/s41592-021-01101-x) against Mycobrowser release 5 reference proteomes
  • Experimental structures: PDBe/SIFTS UniProt→PDB mapping (Dana et al. 2019, doi:10.1093/nar/gky1114)
  • Genomic context / operon: H37Rv annotation; operon predicted by co-directional intergenic distance (Salgado et al. 2000, doi:10.1073/pnas.030539397)
  • Transcriptional regulation: ISB signed TRN — TF ChIP-seq (Minch et al. 2015, doi:10.1038/ncomms6829) + TF overexpression (Rustad et al. 2014, doi:10.1186/gb-2014-15-11-502)
  • Drug resistance: consolidated catalogue, WHO 2nd ed. 2023 (9789240082410) + tb-profiler; only the resistance-associated tier (grade 1–2) is surfaced
  • Physico-chemical properties: ExPASy ProtParam method via Biopython (Gasteiger et al. 2005), computed from the MTBC0 sequence
  • Predicted localisation: DeepTMHMM (Hallgren et al. 2022, doi:10.1101/2022.04.08.487609) for transmembrane topology and signal peptide
  • Primary literature: none located yet; annotation rests on the domain/homology sources above.

Ancestral MTBC0 protein sequence

>mtbc0_001587|Rv1484|inhA
MTGLLDGKRILVSGIITDSSIAFHIARVAQEQGAQLVLTGFDRLRLIQRITDRLPAKAPLLELDVQNEEHLASLAGRVTEAIGAGNKLDGVVHSIGFMPQTGMGINPFFDAPYADVSKGIHISAYSYASMAKALLPIMNPGGSIVGMDFDPSRAMPAYNWMTVAKSALESVNRFVAREAGKYGVRSNLVAAGPIRTLAMSAIVGGALGEEAGAQIQLLEEGWDQRAPIGWNMKDATPVAKTVCALLSDWLPATTGDIIYADGGAHTQLL