Rv2228c Resolved · high auto-curated

H37Rv Rv2228c · MTBC0 - · 364 aa · 2501644–2502738 (-) · RefSeq NP_216744.1

Annotation: from legacy to revised

Legacy (H37Rv / Mycobrowser)multifunctional RNASE H/alpha-ribazole phosphatase/acid phosphatase
MTBC0 PGAP re-annotation
Revised (this work)Multifunctional RNASE H/alpha-ribazole phosphatase/acid phosphatase. Pfam: RNase_H (PF00075.31), RVT_3 (PF13456.13), His_Phos_1 (PF00300.28).

Auto-curated: this verdict and function were generated by rules from PGAP + Pfam + Foldseek and have not been hand-reviewed.

Annotated on the H37Rv protein: this gene has no 1:1 ancestral MTBC0 anchor (PE/PPE, paralogue, IS element, or otherwise unanchored CDS).

Curated reference (UniProt)

UniProt P9WLH5 SwissProt · reviewed · Evidence at protein level
UniProt nameBifunctional protein Rv2228c [Includes: Ribonuclease H
EC (curated) EC 3.1.26.4, EC 3.1.3.73
Curated functionEndonuclease that displays both RNase H activity with a hybrid RNA/DNA substrate as well as double-stranded RNase activity. As the only authenticated RNase HI in M.tuberculosis, probably plays an important role in the physiology of this organism, being likely involved in bacterial replication..; FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phospho group from alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate to form alpha-ribazole. May also catalyze the conversion of adenosylcobalamin 5'-phosphate to adenosylcobalamin (vitamin B12) (By similarity). Has a possible role in B12 recycling, but the primary role of the C-ter.

Functional vocabulary (eggNOG-mapper, orthology transfer)

COG category G Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
L Replication, recombination and repair
Preferred namernhA
eggNOG descriptionRibonuclease
Orthologous groupCOG0328
EC number EC 3.1.26.4, EC 3.1.3.73
KEGG orthology K02226, K22316
KEGG pathways map00860, map01100, map03030
KEGG modules M00122
Gene Ontology (76) GO:0003674, GO:0003676, GO:0003824, GO:0004518, GO:0004519, GO:0004521, GO:0004523, GO:0004540, GO:0005488, GO:0006139, GO:0006401, GO:0006725 +64 more

Orthology-based transfer (eggNOG 5.0.2, diamond). EC/KO/GO/CAZy are computed annotations, not manual curation; cross-check against the primary literature before treating a specific reaction as established.

Conservation & selection (intra-MTBC, 145 209 strains)

pN/pS 0.274 · purifying
Polymorphic sites (≥ 0.1% of strains) 4 synonymous, 3 missense, 0 nonsense, 0 frameshift

pN/pS from segregating SNPs (singletons removed) normalised by possible sites. Low pN/pS = purifying selection (a strong signal that a "hypothetical" is a real, constrained gene). A high pN/pS is ambiguous: relaxed constraint or positive selection (drug resistance, antigenic variation) inflate it; e.g. rpoB/katG/pncA score high here for resistance, not loss of function. A clonal disruption (one allele over a clade) suggests lineage pseudogenisation; a convergent one (many independent alleles) is typical of resistance loss-of-function.

Domains (Pfam, hmmscan --cut_ga)

PfamAccessioni-EvalueResiduesDescription
RNase_HPF00075.31 1.3e-083–129 RNase H
RVT_3PF13456.13 2.7e-237–129 Reverse transcriptase-like
His_Phos_1PF00300.28 6.3e-54167–359 Histidine phosphatase superfamily (branch 1)

Functional interaction network (STRING v12, guilt-by-association)

Closest characterised functional partner: Rv2230c (GTP cyclohydrolase), high confidence from genomic context alone (score 919 excluding text-mining).

PartnerProductScoreNo text-miningChannels (≥400)
Rv2229c hyp hypothetical protein 996 968 ctx neighborhood:882 coexpression:742 textmining:886
Rv2208 cobS adenosylcobinamide-GDP ribazoletransferase 962 944 database:900
Rv2207 cobT nicotinate-nucleotide-dimethylbenzimidazol phosphoribosyltransferase 938 935 database:900
Rv2230c GTP cyclohydrolase 990 919 ctx neighborhood:892 textmining:882
Rv2231c cobC aminotransferase 959 890 ctx neighborhood:882 textmining:646
Rv0054 ssb single-strand DNA-binding protein 839 823 experimental:775
Rv2478c hyp hypothetical protein 816 797 experimental:775
Rv2902c rnhB ribonuclease HII 954 767 experimental:741 textmining:813
Rv2234 ptpA protein-tyrosine-phosphatase 815 755 ctx neighborhood:746
Rv2235 transmembrane protein 750 751 ctx neighborhood:746
Rv2232 ptkA protein tyrosine kinase transcriptional regulator PtkA 756 746 ctx neighborhood:746
Rv2231A vapC16 ribonuclease VapC16 658 658 ctx neighborhood:658
Rv1409 ribG bifunctional riboflavin biosynthesis diaminohydroxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine deaminase/5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino) uracil reductas 597 598 ctx neighborhood:479
Rv1747 ABC transporter ATP-binding protein/permease 583 566 ctx neighborhood:438
Rv1629 polA DNA polymerase I 857 562 ctx neighborhood:479 textmining:689

STRING combines evidence channels (neighborhood, fusion, cooccurrence, coexpression, experimental, database, text-mining) into a 0–1000 score. The ctx badge marks edges carried by the genomic-context channels (conserved neighborhood, fusion, phylogenetic co-occurrence), which are independent of orthology and structure and the strongest signal for an unknown gene. The no text-mining column recomputes the score from data alone, so a link that does not depend on the literature is visible. Association is a function hypothesis, not proof: corroborate with the operon context and the primary literature before assigning a function.

Evidence

  • Annotation from H37Rv (no MTBC0 1:1 anchor; H37Rv protein used): multifunctional RNASE H/alpha-ribazole phosphatase/acid phosphatase
  • Pfam (hmmscan --cut_ga): RNase_H PF00075.31 (E=1e-08), RVT_3 PF13456.13 (E=3e-23), His_Phos_1 PF00300.28 (E=6e-54)
  • (auto-curated by rules from PGAP + Pfam + Foldseek; not hand-reviewed)

Sources

  • Ancestral sequence & coordinates: Harrison LB et al. (2024), An imputed ancestral reference genome for the MTBC, doi:10.1101/2023.09.07.556366
  • Product annotation: NCBI PGAP on MTBC0; legacy from H37Rv NC_000962.3 (RefSeq NP_216744.1)
  • Domains: Pfam-A via hmmscan --cut_ga — RNase_H (PF00075.31), RVT_3 (PF13456.13), His_Phos_1 (PF00300.28)
  • Sequence-level signal: ESM Atlas (EvolutionaryScale × BioHub) — exploratory
  • Controlled vocabulary: eggNOG-mapper 2.1.12 (Cantalapiedra et al. 2021, doi:10.1093/molbev/msab293), eggNOG 5.0 DB (Huerta-Cepas et al. 2019) — OG COG0328
  • Curated reference: UniProt P9WLH5 (SwissProt, reviewed; Evidence at protein level)
  • Intra-MTBC selection: pN/pS and disruption from SPDI variants of 145 209 MTBC strains (this work, local collection vs H37Rv NC_000962.3)
  • Interaction network: STRING v12.0 (Szklarczyk et al. 2023, doi:10.1093/nar/gkac1000), taxon 83332, CC-BY 4.0 — 63 functional partner(s); context anchor Rv2230c
  • Primary literature: none located yet; annotation rests on the domain/homology sources above.

Ancestral MTBC0 protein sequence

>H37Rv|Rv2228c|
MKVVIEADGGSRGNPGPAGYGAVVWTADHSTVLAESKQAIGRATNNVAEYRGLIAGLDDAVKLGATEAAVLMDSKLVVEQMSGRWKVKHPDLLKLYVQAQALASQFRRINYEWVPRARNTYADRLANDAMDAAAQSAAADADPAKIVATESPTSPGWTGARGTPTRLLLLRHGQTELSEQRRYSGRGNPGLNEVGWRQVGAAAGYLARRGGIAAVVSSPLQRAYDTAVTAARALALDVVVDDDLVETDFGAWEGLTFAEAAERDPELHRRWLQDTSITPPGGESFDDVLRRVRRGRDRIIVGYEGATVLVVSHVTPIKMLLRLALDAGSGVLYRLHLDLASLSIAEFYADGASSVRLVNQTGYL