fadD19 Resolved · high auto-curated

H37Rv Rv3515c · MTBC0 - · 548 aa · 3950824–3952470 (-) · RefSeq YP_177983.1

Annotation: from legacy to revised

Legacy (H37Rv / Mycobrowser)acyl-CoA synthetase
MTBC0 PGAP re-annotation
Revised (this work)Acyl-CoA synthetase. Pfam: AMP-binding (PF00501.35), AMP-binding_C (PF13193.13).

Auto-curated: this verdict and function were generated by rules from PGAP + Pfam + Foldseek and have not been hand-reviewed.

Annotated on the H37Rv protein: this gene has no 1:1 ancestral MTBC0 anchor (PE/PPE, paralogue, IS element, or otherwise unanchored CDS).

Curated reference (UniProt)

UniProt P9WQ51 SwissProt · reviewed · Evidence at protein level
UniProt nameMedium/long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA/3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate--CoA ligase
EC (curated) EC 6.2.1.2, EC 6.2.1.3, EC 6.2.1.42
Curated functionCatalyzes the activation of medium/long-chain fatty acids as acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA), which are then transferred to the multifunctional polyketide synthase (PKS) type III for further chain extension. Also involved in the degradation of cholesterol via the degradation of the side chains of C-24 branched-chain sterols. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent CoA thioesterification of the sterol 3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate to yield 3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oyl-CoA. It can also use 3beta-hydroxy-5-cholesten-26-oate.

Functional vocabulary (eggNOG-mapper, orthology transfer)

COG category I Lipid transport and metabolism
Q Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Preferred namefadD19
eggNOG descriptionCOG0318 Acyl-CoA synthetases (AMP-forming) AMP-acid ligases II
Orthologous groupCOG0318
EC number EC 6.2.1.42
KEGG orthology K18688
Gene Ontology (52) GO:0001676, GO:0003674, GO:0003824, GO:0004467, GO:0005575, GO:0005618, GO:0005623, GO:0006082, GO:0006629, GO:0006631, GO:0008150, GO:0008152 +40 more

Orthology-based transfer (eggNOG 5.0.2, diamond). EC/KO/GO/CAZy are computed annotations, not manual curation; cross-check against the primary literature before treating a specific reaction as established.

Conservation & selection (intra-MTBC, 145 209 strains)

pN/pS 1.95 · diversifying/relaxed
Polymorphic sites (≥ 0.1% of strains) 1 synonymous, 6 missense, 0 nonsense, 0 frameshift

pN/pS from segregating SNPs (singletons removed) normalised by possible sites. Low pN/pS = purifying selection (a strong signal that a "hypothetical" is a real, constrained gene). A high pN/pS is ambiguous: relaxed constraint or positive selection (drug resistance, antigenic variation) inflate it; e.g. rpoB/katG/pncA score high here for resistance, not loss of function. A clonal disruption (one allele over a clade) suggests lineage pseudogenisation; a convergent one (many independent alleles) is typical of resistance loss-of-function.

Domains (Pfam, hmmscan --cut_ga)

PfamAccessioni-EvalueResiduesDescription
AMP-bindingPF00501.35 5.2e-6112–385 AMP-binding enzyme
AMP-binding_CPF13193.13 1.2e-15446–521 AMP-binding enzyme C-terminal domain

Functional interaction network (STRING v12, guilt-by-association)

Closest characterised functional partner: fadE26 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase FadE26), high confidence from genomic context alone (score 816 excluding text-mining).

PartnerProductScoreNo text-miningChannels (≥400)
Rv3504 fadE26 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase FadE26 936 816 ctx cooccurence:538 database:500 textmining:669
Rv3545c cyp125 steroid C26-monooxygenase 908 807 database:670 textmining:546
Rv3516 echA19 enoyl-CoA hydratase EchA19 964 789 ctx neighborhood:607 textmining:836
Rv3522 ltp4 lipid transfer protein 955 751 ctx cooccurence:685 textmining:829
Rv1750c fadD1 fatty-acid--CoA ligase FadD1 816 749 ctx cooccurence:748
Rv3521 hyp hypothetical protein 878 745 ctx cooccurence:733 textmining:543
Rv3541c chsH1 hyp hypothetical protein 741 741 ctx cooccurence:703
Rv3542c chsH2 hyp hypothetical protein 710 711 ctx cooccurence:663
Rv0719 rplF 50S ribosomal protein L6 694 694 experimental:402 database:510
Rv1527c pks5 polyketide synthase 706 681
Rv2933 ppsC phthiocerol synthesis polyketide synthase type I PpsC 706 680
Rv2940c mas multifunctional mycocerosic acid synthase 712 679
Rv3825c pks2 phthioceranic/hydroxyphthioceranic acid synthase 704 679
Rv2048c pks12 polyketide synthase 704 679
Rv3505 fadE27 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase FadE27 882 660 database:500 textmining:668

STRING combines evidence channels (neighborhood, fusion, cooccurrence, coexpression, experimental, database, text-mining) into a 0–1000 score. The ctx badge marks edges carried by the genomic-context channels (conserved neighborhood, fusion, phylogenetic co-occurrence), which are independent of orthology and structure and the strongest signal for an unknown gene. The no text-mining column recomputes the score from data alone, so a link that does not depend on the literature is visible. Association is a function hypothesis, not proof: corroborate with the operon context and the primary literature before assigning a function.

Evidence

  • Annotation from H37Rv (no MTBC0 1:1 anchor; H37Rv protein used): acyl-CoA synthetase
  • Pfam (hmmscan --cut_ga): AMP-binding PF00501.35 (E=5e-61), AMP-binding_C PF13193.13 (E=1e-15)
  • (auto-curated by rules from PGAP + Pfam + Foldseek; not hand-reviewed)

Sources

  • Ancestral sequence & coordinates: Harrison LB et al. (2024), An imputed ancestral reference genome for the MTBC, doi:10.1101/2023.09.07.556366
  • Product annotation: NCBI PGAP on MTBC0; legacy from H37Rv NC_000962.3 (RefSeq YP_177983.1)
  • Domains: Pfam-A via hmmscan --cut_ga — AMP-binding (PF00501.35), AMP-binding_C (PF13193.13)
  • Sequence-level signal: ESM Atlas (EvolutionaryScale × BioHub) — exploratory
  • Controlled vocabulary: eggNOG-mapper 2.1.12 (Cantalapiedra et al. 2021, doi:10.1093/molbev/msab293), eggNOG 5.0 DB (Huerta-Cepas et al. 2019) — OG COG0318
  • Curated reference: UniProt P9WQ51 (SwissProt, reviewed; Evidence at protein level)
  • Intra-MTBC selection: pN/pS and disruption from SPDI variants of 145 209 MTBC strains (this work, local collection vs H37Rv NC_000962.3)
  • Interaction network: STRING v12.0 (Szklarczyk et al. 2023, doi:10.1093/nar/gkac1000), taxon 83332, CC-BY 4.0 — 136 functional partner(s); context anchor fadE26
  • Primary literature: none located yet; annotation rests on the domain/homology sources above.

Ancestral MTBC0 protein sequence

>H37Rv|Rv3515c|fadD19
MAVALNIADLAEHAIDAVPDRVAVICGDEQLTYAQLEDKANRLAHHLIDQGVQKDDKVGLYCRNRIEIVIAMLGIVKAGAILVNVNFRYVEGELRYLFDNSDMVALVHERRYADRVANVLPDTPHVRTILVVEDGSDQDYRRYGGVEFYSAIAAGSPERDFGERSADAIYLLYTGGTTGFPKGVMWRHEDIYRVLFGGTDFATGEFVKDEYDLAKAAAANPPMIRYPIPPMIHGATQSATWMALFSGQTTVLAPEFNADEVWRTIHKHKVNLLFFTGDAMARPLVDALVKGNDYDLSSLFLLASTAALFSPSIKEKLLELLPNRVITDSIGSSETGFGGTSVVAAGQAHGGGPRVRIDHRTVVLDDDGNEVKPGSGMRGVIAKKGNIPVGYYKDEKKTAETFRTINGVRYAIPGDYAQVEEDGTVTMLGRGSVSINSGGEKVYPEEVEAALKGHPDVFDALVVGVPDPRYGQQVAAVVQARPGCRPSLAELDSFVRSEIAGYKVPRSLWFVDEVKRSPAGKPDYRWAKEQTEARPADDVHAGHVTSGG